1,313 research outputs found
A sociological approach to the concept of God amongst Iranian youth
One of the most fundamental concepts in Sociology of Religion, the concept of God, was emphasised in this article. Although the God concept is not the same as the transcendental existence of God, it is this concept that is the most fundamental social construct in the entire history of world religions. The aim of this article was the conceptual reconstruction of God amongst the youth of Iran, who may be free from a theological approach. This article aimed to examine the God concept in the ‘epistemological’, ‘emotional’ and ‘social action’ domains. The Iranian society is in transition, faced with delusion about the traditional and modern belief systems, and multiplicity of interpretations and new presentation of One God Allah. A spectrum of these plural presentations of God embodies micro and macro social levels. Some of the most important of these concepts are: individual and personal concept of God, the God in family, in educational system, in religious rituals, and the dominant concept in the society
Enhanced Cluster Based Routing Protocol for MANETS
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a set of self organized wireless mobile
nodes that works without any predefined infrastructure. For routing data in
MANETs, the routing protocols relay on mobile wireless nodes. In general, any
routing protocol performance suffers i) with resource constraints and ii) due
to the mobility of the nodes. Due to existing routing challenges in MANETs
clustering based protocols suffers frequently with cluster head failure
problem, which degrades the cluster stability. This paper proposes, Enhanced
CBRP, a schema to improve the cluster stability and in-turn improves the
performance of traditional cluster based routing protocol (CBRP), by electing
better cluster head using weighted clustering algorithm and considering some
crucial routing challenges. Moreover, proposed protocol suggests a secondary
cluster head for each cluster, to increase the stability of the cluster and
implicitly the network infrastructure in case of sudden failure of cluster
head.Comment: 6 page
Enclaving the City: New Models of Containing the Urban Populations - A Case Study of Cairo
This article builds on theoretical foundations from enclave urbanism, authoritarian planning and neoliberal urbanisation to explore contemporary socio-spatial transformation(s) happening in Cairo, Egypt. Relying on a nationwide road development project, inner-city neighbourhoods in Cairo are turning into urban enclaves, whereby populations are being separated by a multiplicity of transport-related infrastructure projects. As these rapid planning processes are occurring, our article aims to explain why these developments are crucial and unique in the context of the post-Arab Spring cities. We argue that the new road infrastructure is creating a spatially and socially fragmented city and transforming the urban citizenry into a controllable and navigable body. We use an inductive approach to investigate the effects of the new road infrastructure and its hegemonic outcomes on the city. On a conceptual level, we propose that the enclaving of the city is a containment method that has erupted since the mass mobilisations of the Arab Spring. In doing so, we use qualitative analysis to explain empirical evidence showing how the city is being transformed into nodes of enclaves, where communities are getting separated from one another via socio-spatial fault lines
Time-Rate-Transformation framework for targeted assembly of short-range attractive colloidal suspensions
The aggregation of attractive colloids has been extensively studied from both
theoretical and experimental perspectives as the fraction of solid particles is
changed, and the range, type and strength of attractive or repulsive forces
between particles varies. The resulting gels consisting of disordered
assemblies of attractive colloidal particles, have also been investigated with
regards to percolation, phase separation, and the mechanical characteristics of
the resulting fractal networks. Despite tremendous progress in our
understanding of the gelation process, and the exploration of different routes
for arresting the dynamics of attractive colloids, the complex interplay
between convective transport processes and many-body effects in such systems
has limited our ability to drive the system towards a specific configuration.
Here we study a model attractive colloidal system over a wide range of particle
characteristics and flow conditions undergoing aggregation far from
equilibrium. The complex multiscale dynamics of the system can be understood
using a Time-Rate-Transformation diagram adapted from understanding of
materials processing in block copolymers, supercooled liquids and much stiffer
glassy metals to direct targeted assembly of attractive colloidal particles
The Relationship between Surface Soil Moisture with Real Evaporation and Potential Evaporation in Iraq
The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between surface Soil Moisture (SSM) of both Real Evaporation (E) and surface Potential Evaporation (SPE) for thirty years during the period of (1985-2014) for the eight stations (Sulaymaniya, Mosul, Tikrit, Baghdad, Rutba, Kut, Nukhayib, Basrah) in Iraq, from (NOAA) and taking advantage of some statistics such as the Simple Linear Regression (SLR) and the Spearman Rho test. Calculated the monthly average for Soil Moisture, Real Evaporation and Potential Evaporation, and found to increase the values of SPE in hot months and decreased in cold months while opposite to SM There was a strong inverse relationship between them, where the correlation coefficient was in Sulaymaniya -0.91, in Mosul -0.89, in the Rutba -0.92, in Tikrit -0.89, in Baghdad -0.89, in Nukhayib -0.89, in Kut -0.87, and in Basrah -0.83, and there is a high correlation in stations (Basrah, Kut, Nukhayib, and Rutba), while there is an average correlation in the stations (Baghdad and Tikrit), and there is low correlation in the stations (Sulaymaniya, Mosul), we also note an inverse correlation between RE and PE, where there is a low correlation in Sulaymaniya and medium correlation in the Mosul and Rutba stations, and there is a high correlation in the stations (Tikrit, Baghdad, Nukhayib, Kut, and Basrah)
Cytogenetic Estimation of Broccoli Extract on Dexamethasone Treated Mice
The current study was intended to evaluate the active compounds found in hydro-alcoholic extract of Brassica oleracea var. italica(broccoli), also to estimates the percentage of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) ,mitotic index (MI) and micronuclei (MN) formation in mouse bone marrow cells .The mice were divided into, negative group received (0.2 ml of Distilled Water)intraperitoneally ,positive group I was given single dose of dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg for 24 h) and positive group II (acute toxicity assay) administrated with (0.2 ml) of high level dose (800 mg/kg) of extract for 5 days. Interaction groups treated with different doses of extract (50,100,200,400 and 600 mg/kg) for 5 days in addition to a single ( 0.4 mg/kg) of dexamethasone per each dose of extract. High level dose (800mg/kg) of broccoli extract had show null genotoxicity for bone marrow cells of mouse. Dexamethasone showed significant effects (P< 0.05) in reducing mitotic index and increased chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells (in vivo). Broccoli extract significantly increased MI and reduced (CA ,MN) (P< 0.05) especially at does (400 mg/kg). Keywords- mitotic index, Micronuclei formation ,Chromosomal aberrations , Dexamethasone, Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), hydro-alcoholic extract
Suggested Conception for Employment of the Arabic Language in Overcoming Some Difficulties in Rhythmic Reading Among Beginner Student
The aim of this study is to present a method through which it seeks to employ the Arabic language in musical education, and to benefit from it in overcoming some difficulties related to rhythmic musical reading, and to enhance the awareness of some performance and expressive technical symbols for the beginner student
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